Happy Independence Day Brazil. n 1820, 13 years after the Portuguese king fled to Brazil during the Napoleonic Wars, the Constitutionalist Revolution erupted in the city of Porto and quickly and peacefully spread to the rest of the country, resulting in the return of the Portuguese crown to Europe

1701: England, Austria, and the Netherlands form an Alliance against France.

1888: An incubator is used for the first time on a premature infant.

1892: The first heavyweight-title boxing match fought with gloves under Marquis of Queensbury rules ends when James J. Corbett knocks out John L. Sullivan in the 21st round.

1940: Germany’s blitz against London begins during the Battle of Britain.

1953: Nikita Krushchev elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1954: Integration of public schools begins in Washington D.C. and Maryland.

1965: Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio.

1977: Panama and US sign Torrijos-Carter Treaties to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the US to Panama at the end of the 20th century.

1979: ESPN, the Entertainment and Sports Programing Network, debuts.

1986: Desmond Tutu becomes first black leader of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of South Africa).

1988: Pilot and cosmonaut Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan to travel to outer space, returns to earth after 9 days aboard the Soviet space station Mir.

2004: Hurricane Ivan damages 90% of buildings on the island of Grenada; 39 die in the Category 5 storm.

2008: US Government assumes conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the country’s two largest mortgage financing companies, during the subprime mortgage crisis.

By Wycliffe Andabwa

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